What They Do NOT  Tell You.
   There is so much  misinformation about rodent care that I felt that it was worth  outlining some of the things that are not mentioned or are ignored  when you purchase your animals from a shop type setting.
   Not all shops are  bad, some themselves are rat owners and are more than willing to  point you in the right direction when it comes to the animals care  however there are other shops who we feel are in it for the profit  and not so much for the animals. This is a guide only about certain  things that are incorrect about housing, bedding, foods that are  normally recommended by people that we, as customers, believe should  know best.
   Pine & Cedar
 – These types of wood in any form are NOT good for the health of  your small animal. Avoid this and ask for something like breeders  choice litter or similar recycled paper product. For  more ideas about what is safe have a look 
HERE and we also have a list of unsafe beddings also which can be found 
HERE
   Aquariums
- are not a suitable long term home for rodents. Again we have a full  length article about this 
HERE
   Mouse cages - 
   are not suitable for the long term housing of Rats. Most shops have a  large range of mouse cages which they will quite happily sell you for  a couple of rats. However what they do not tell you is this!!. Rats  require approx 
2  cubic feet minimum space per rat,  it sounds like a lot but we are talking about animals that can range  in size, when fully grown, from around 200 grams each up to 1kg in  some cases (average is around 400 –600 grams). Mouse cages are  quite easy to spot as they are fairly small, generally have a small  wheel and other small accessories within the cage which comes as a  “pack”. Mouse cages will normally set you back around $60.00 or  so.
  
 What you really  should be looking for is a larger cage, something suitable for a  large parrot or 2 (or more) rabbits, guinea pigs or ferrets.  Alternatively you could even try making your own cage however be  careful with the woods you choose to use as some can be dangerous to  rats. Generally speaking, for a new cage suitable for a couple of  rats you will be looking at a cage that sells from about $85.00 and  upwards (normally around $120.00 and up).
  
 Rats are not  cheap pets -
  Ok to purchase the actual animals they are one of the cheapest  starting price animals available however they quickly can become more  expensive than the price of a $300.00 puppy. Rats have a history of  getting respiratory infections, it is something that I would  guarantee your rat gets at least once in their life and without vet  attention the animal will suffer and die. For a vet visit alone you  would be looking at a consult fee from $30.00 (average consult fee in  2013 is $65.00) and up plus your medications on top of this. That  becomes very costly especially if the rats are not from good healthy  parents, which unfortunately most rats found in the shops are just  bred without any care for the parents health.
  
  Male and Female  rats
 
  - should NOT be housed together unless one or both are sterilised. Rats  can start breeding from as early as 6 weeks old, if the male is  present with the female when the delivery occurs he can mate with her  almost immediately resulting in more babies. Please choose the sex  you wish to keep and stick with that until you can provide  sterilisation for one of the sexes (or both) or have 2 cages that are  away from each other and you have time for both the males and  females. If you are unsure how to tell the difference then look at  the animals bottoms, males have testicles that most of the time you  cannot miss while females obviously do not. Females also have nipples  while males do not. If in doubt and the sales people cannot tell you  for sure have a look at a shop that can tell the difference for you.
  
Rats Are Social  Animal -
  
  Rats thrive with company of other rats. Many people go to a shop,  breeder or even rescue and express a desire to only own a single rat.  Although we do educate these people about the social needs of rats  and never rehome a single rat to a rat free home other places will  willingly allow single adoptions for the animal to live a very  isolated and lonely life. Single rats can suffer from stress (which  can cause illness) and can sometimes become very mentally unstable. 2  rats of the same sex is one of the most beneficial things you can do  for your new rats. They will be more mentally comfortable with the  change of environment, more confident and with still bond closely  with their humans as long as they are handled regularly. There is no  evidence that a single rat will bond more strongly with humans, in  actual fact, it is our experience that 2 or more rats, living in a  bonded group, tend to be more comfortable with human handling as well  as being more confident to explore together.
  
    
  Rats need vets
 
  - 
  I know we said it above but it is one thing that regularly comes up  with a lot of surrenders. People unable to afford vet fees and as  such surrender animals who require vet treatments. Those 2 cute  babies that have been bought for your young children are now a little  older and have a respiratory issue but you don’t believe in paying  $100 or more to seek a vet out. Please, DON’T get rats if you do  not believe in taking them to the vet. Rats need vets, they get  medical issues which can only be treated with vet only medications  and if not treated they can suffer terribly. Those quick fix online  medications, forget them. You are wasting your money as they are not  specifically for rats (generally they are bird medications) and will  probably only make matters worse. If you are thinking of keeping rats  be sure to have a vet fund because you will need it at some stage.